Obama in Senate: Star Power, Minor Role

[DaJudge]

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March 9, 2008
The Long Run

Obama in Senate: Star Power, Minor Role
By KATE ZERNIKE (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/z/kate_zernike/index.html?inline=nyt-per) and JEFF ZELENY (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/z/jeff_zeleny/index.html?inline=nyt-per)

Senator Barack Obama (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/o/barack_obama/index.html?inline=nyt-per) stood before Washington?s elite at the spring dinner
of the storied Gridiron Club. In self-parody, he ticked off his
accomplishments, little more than a year after arriving in town.

?I?ve been very blessed,? Mr. Obama told the crowd assembled in March
2006. ?Keynote speaker at the Democratic convention. The cover of
Newsweek. My book made the best-seller list. I just won a Grammy for
reading it on tape.

?Really, what else is there to do?? he said, his smile now broad. ?Well, I
guess I could pass a law or something.?

They were the two competing elements in Mr. Obama?s time in the Senate:
his megawatt celebrity and the realities of the job he was elected to do.

He went to the Senate intent on learning the ways of the institution, telling
reporters he would be ?looking for the washroom and trying to figure out
how the phones work.? But frustrated by his lack of influence and what he
called the ?glacial pace,? he soon opted to exploit his star power. He was
running for president even as he was still getting lost in the Capitol?s
corridors.

Outside Washington, Mr. Obama was a multimedia sensation ? people
offered free tickets to his book readings for $125 on eBay and contributed
thousands of dollars each to his political action committee to watch him on
stage questioning policy experts.

But inside the Senate, Mr. Obama, the junior senator from Illinois, was 99th
in seniority and in the minority party his first two years. In committee
hearings, he had to wait his turn until every other senator had asked
questions. He once telephoned reporters himself to draw attention to his
amendments. And some senior colleagues were cool to the newcomer,
whom they considered na?ve.

Determined to be viewed as substantive, Mr. Obama kept his head down,
declining Sunday talk show invitations for his first year, and consulted
Senate elders for advice. He was cautious ? even on the Iraq war, which
he had opposed as a Senate candidate. He voted against the withdrawal of
troops and proposed legislation calling for a drawdown only after he was
running for president and polls showed voters favoring it.

And while he rightly takes credit for steering through an ethics overhaul
that reformers called a ?gold standard,? like most freshmen he did not play a
significant role in passing much other legislation and disappointed some
Democrats for not becoming a more prominent voice in other important
debates.

Yet Mr. Obama was planning for the future. He spent much of his time
raising money for other Democrats, which helped him build chits and lists of
potential voters. He tended to his image, even upbraiding a reporter for
writing that he had smoked a cigarette (a habit he later said he gave up for
his presidential bid).

Early on in his tenure in Washington, he concluded that it would be hard to
have much of an impact inside the Senate, where partisan conflict
increasingly provoked filibuster threats, nomination fights and near gridlock
even on routine spending bills.

?I think it?s very possible to have a Senate career here that is not
particularly useful,? he said in an interview, reflecting on his first year. And
it would be better for his political prospects not to become a Senate
insider, which could saddle him with the kind of voting record that has
tripped up so many senators who would be president.

?It?s sort of logic turned on its head, but it really is true,? said Tom Daschle (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/d/tom_daschle/index.html?inline=nyt-per)
of South Dakota, the former senator and Democratic leader who has been a
close adviser to Mr. Obama.

?Two things develop the more time you spend here,? Mr. Daschle said. ?One
is a mind-set that we did it this way before, we should do it this way again,
and I think that?s a real burden. More importantly ? and Hillary and McCain
are the perfect examples of this ? the longer you are here, you take on
enemies. And these enemies don?t forget.?

Rising to Stardom

If freshman senators arrive as celebrities, it is usually because they are
?dragon slayers,? having ousted big-name incumbents. Mr. Obama was not
one of those; two serious opponents in Illinois self-destructed, smoothing
his path to election in November 2004.

He had been anointed his party?s rising star after delivering a soaring
speech at the Democratic National Convention (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/d/democratic_party/index.html?inline=nyt-org) the previous July. His fresh
face that fall cheered Democrats demoralized by their failure to win the
White House and the defeat of Mr. Daschle, the party?s Senate leader.

But Mr. Obama knew the Senate scorns a showboat. He had waited to
crack open ?Master of the Senate,? Robert A. Caro (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/c/robert_a_caro/index.html?inline=nyt-per)?s book about the
legendary legislative career of Lyndon B. Johnson (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/j/lyndon_baines_johnson/index.html?inline=nyt-per), until after he was
elected, wary that he would be photographed ? and seen as presumptuous
? reading it during his campaign. After he was on the cover of Newsweek
the same week President Bush appeared as Time?s Man of the Year, his
fellow Democratic senators gently ribbed him at their first weekly luncheon
of the new Congress.

He met with nearly one-third of the Senate, from both sides of the aisle,
including his future rival, Hillary Rodham Clinton (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/c/hillary_rodham_clinton/index.html?inline=nyt-per) of New York, to learn about
the institution and solicit advice on how to succeed. That shaped a
strategy: work hard, tend to your constituents, and, above all, get along
with others. He spent many weekends traveling across Illinois for town-hall-
style meetings.

Mr. Obama?s advisers referred to it as ?the Hillary model,? patterned after
Mrs. Clinton?s approach when she joined the Senate in 2001. But while Mr.
Obama expressed admiration for her at the time, he dissuaded reporters
from making too close a comparison.

?I wasn?t the first lady, and I didn?t have some of the political baggage of
eight years of hand-to-hand combat between the White House and the
Republican Congress,? he said soon after he first arrived. ?In that sense,
she had a harder task.?

Knowing he needed insider help, Mr. Obama cajoled Mr. Daschle?s former
chief of staff, Pete Rouse, to lead his office. Mr. Rouse advised Mr. Obama
about managing relationships on the Hill and helped engineer hefty
assignments, including a Foreign Relations Committee seat. He sought out
senior colleagues, traveling to Russia with Senator Richard G. Lugar (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/l/richard_g_lugar/index.html?inline=nyt-per),
Republican of Indiana, an advocate of nuclear disarmament. (Later, they
passed legislation to reduce stockpiles of conventional weapons.) Mr.
Obama also sought tutorials from Senator Edward M. Kennedy (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/k/edward_m_kennedy/index.html?inline=nyt-per) of
Massachusetts, considered the Democrats? master legislator.

Some colleagues found Mr. Obama remarkably well prepared, even more so
than longtime staff members, in discussions. And his role as the good
student earned him the affection of some fellow lawmakers. ?I don?t think
you can be around him and not come to the conclusion that this is a person
of rare quality,? said Senator Kent Conrad (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/c/kent_conrad/index.html?inline=nyt-per), Democrat of North Dakota.

Mr. Obama had visited Washington only a handful of times before taking
office, and he was fresh enough to its ways that he bubbled over about his
first trip on Air Force One in June 2005. He fretted about getting lost on his
first trip to the White House, for a reception the day he was sworn in, and
later marveled that there were flat-screen televisions in the Lincoln
Bedroom.

But he remained ambivalent about the city and its institutions. Unlike many
senators with young children, he did not move his family to the capital. He
rarely spent more than three nights in Washington ? aides would reserve
tickets on several flights to make sure he got home to Chicago after the
final Senate vote of the week.

[DaJudge]

Mr. Obama found the Hill a difficult place to fit in, and it was not always
clear that he wanted to. He was 43 when he arrived, younger than most of
his colleagues ? whose average age was 60 ? and even many senior staff
members. Unlike senators who come up through the House, he did not have
an existing network of friends, and while some members of Congress bunk
with others, he lived by himself in one of the nondescript new boxes along
Massachusetts Avenue. On the nights he was in town, he typically went
alone to a Chinatown athletic club ? not the Senate gym ? or attended
events on the Hill.

And for all his efforts to play down his celebrity, Mr. Obama was
exceptional, and it was hard for him or anyone to ignore the aura and sense
of history around him. He was only the third black senator elected since
Reconstruction. His memoir was on The New York Times?s best-seller list for
54 weeks. And Washington society was eager to embrace him ? a Capitol
Hill newspaper ranked him as No. 2 on its list of most beautiful people.

Etching a Path

Mr. Obama was also pulling in big money. He created a political action
committee, the Hopefund, to increase his visibility and help other
Democrats. It raised $1.8 million the first year.

In the Senate, meanwhile, he was discovering the realities of being a
senator ? that not every bill is perfect (or perfectly unacceptable) and
that most votes required balancing the good and bad. Mr. Obama wanted to
vote to confirm John G. Roberts Jr. (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/r/john_g_jr_roberts/index.html?inline=nyt-per) for the Supreme Court (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/s/supreme_court/index.html?inline=nyt-org), for example ?
he thought the president deserved latitude when it came to appointments
? but Mr. Rouse advised against it, pointing out that Mr. Obama would be
reminded of the vote every time the court made a conservative ruling that
he found objectionable.

Mr. Obama took few bold stands and diverted little from the liberal
orthodoxy he had embraced in the Illinois Senate. His voting record in his
first year in Washington, according to the annual rankings by National
Journal, was more liberal than 82.5 percent of the Senate (compared with,
for example, Mrs. Clinton?s 79.8 percent that year).

He worked with Senator Tom Coburn (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/c/tom_coburn/index.html?inline=nyt-per), Republican of Oklahoma and one of
the most conservative in the chamber, to establish a public database to
examine government spending after Hurricane Katrina (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/h/hurricane_katrina/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier).

But for the most part, he stuck to party lines; there were few examples of
the kind of bipartisan work he advocates in his current campaign.

He disappointed some Democrats by not taking a more prominent role
opposing the war ? he voted against a troop withdrawal proposal by
Senators John Kerry (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/k/john_kerry/index.html?inline=nyt-per) of Massachusetts and Russ Feingold (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/f/russell_d_feingold/index.html?inline=nyt-per) of Wisconsin in
June 2006, arguing that a firm date for withdrawal would hamstring
diplomats and military commanders in the field.

His most important accomplishment was his push for ethics reform. Party
leaders named him their point person in 2006, and when the Democrats
assumed the majority in Congress in January 2007, Mr. Obama and Mr.
Feingold, a longtime Democratic proponent of ethics reform, proposed
curtailing meals and gifts from lobbyists, restricting the use of corporate
planes and requiring lobbyists who bundle donations to disclose individual
donors.

Colleagues fought back hard.

Mr. Obama?s determination not to back down, Mr. Feingold said, ?struck me
as an example of someone showing real guts.?

Of course, he added, ?He was not any freshman. He was Barack Obama.?

To others, though, the mismatch between Mr. Obama?s outside profile and
his inside accomplishments wore thin. While some senators spent hours in
closed-door meetings over immigration (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/i/immigration_and_refugees/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier) reform in early 2007, he dropped in
only occasionally, prompting complaints that he was something of a
dilettante.

He joined a bipartisan group, which included Senator John McCain (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/m/john_mccain/index.html?inline=nyt-per) of
Arizona, the presumptive Republican presidential nominee, and Mr. Kennedy,
that agreed to stick to a final compromise bill even though it was sure to
face challenges from interest groups on both sides. Yet when the measure
reached the floor, Mr. Obama distanced himself from the compromise,
advocating changes sought by labor groups. The bill collapsed.

To some in the bipartisan coalition, Mr. Obama?s move showed an
unwillingness to take a tough stand.

?He folded like a cheap suit,? said Senator Lindsey Graham (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/g/lindsey_graham/index.html?inline=nyt-per), Republican of
South Carolina, a close ally of Mr. McCain. ?What it showed me is you are
not an agent of change. Because to really change things in this place you
have to get beat up now and then.?

Laying the Groundwork

Early on in his tenure in Washington, Mr. Obama began meeting every few
months over late-night pizza with a handful of classmates from Harvard Law
School and a couple of senior advisers to discuss his future. Being a 2008
presidential candidate, participants said, never came up. The only race
mentioned was for Illinois governor in 2010 ? the year Mr. Obama?s Senate
term ended ? but the group decided to put off considering the idea until at
least his fourth year in the Senate.

Mr. Obama chose Hurricane Katrina in September 2005 to step into a more
prominent role, speaking to his party?s caucus about the importance of
using the disaster to focus the party?s efforts toward ending poverty.

The next February, he appeared on several Sunday shows in a row. ?People
are getting tired of me already,? he said in an interview.

In fact, outside Washington, people were clamoring for more. He was
received like a returning hero in Africa in August 2006. On a book tour two
months later, crowds mobbed him, and people urged him to run for
president.

During the midterm elections that year, Mr. Obama was his party?s most
sought-after campaigner ? he helped raised nearly $1 million online in a
matter of days that spring for Senator Robert C. Byrd (http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/b/robert_c_byrd/index.html?inline=nyt-per) of West Virginia, the
institution?s senior member.

His appearances on the trail helped lay the groundwork for a possible
presidential campaign. He earned the good will of some Democrats who
have now endorsed him. And most campaign events required tickets, so his
staff members collected names and addresses of potential supporters.

Finally, Mr. Obama did what he had done when he first arrived in the
Senate, quietly consulting those who knew the institution well ? Mr.
Kennedy, Mr. Daschle ? for advice on whether to run.

They told him that these chances come along rarely. His celebrity was
undeniable. And yes, he was green, but that also meant he did not have
the burden of a long record.

?For somebody to come in with none of that history is a real advantage,?
Mr. Daschle said. ?I told him that he has a window to do this. He should
never count on that window staying open.?

Carl Hulse contributed reporting.